"Nobel Prize in Chemistry" Harold C Urey Hand Signed 3X5 Card Todd Mueller COA

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Up for auction is a 3X5 card Hand Signed by Harold C Urey. Urey won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934. This item comes certified authentic by Todd Mueller and has their Certificate of Authenticity included.
ES-1233
Harold Clayton Urey
(
/ˈjʊəri/
YOOR-ee
; April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American
physical chemist
whose pioneering work on
isotopes
earned him the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
in 1934 for the discovery of
deuterium
. He played a significant role in the development of the
atom bomb
, as well as contributing to theories on the
development of organic life from non-living matter
.
Born in
Walkerton, Indiana
, Urey studied
thermodynamics
under
Gilbert N. Lewis
at the
University of California, Berkeley
. After he received his
PhD
in 1923, he was awarded a fellowship by
the American-Scandinavian Foundation
to study at the
Niels Bohr Institute
in
Copenhagen
. He was a research associate at
Johns Hopkins University
before becoming an associate professor of Chemistry at
Columbia University
. In 1931, he began work with the separation of isotopes that resulted in the discovery of deuterium. During World War II, Urey turned his knowledge of isotope separation to the problem of
uranium enrichment
. He headed the group located at Columbia University that developed isotope separation using
gaseous diffusion
. The method was successfully developed, becoming the sole method used in the early post-war period. After the war, Urey became professor of chemistry at the
Institute for Nuclear Studies
, and later Ryerson professor of chemistry at the
University of Chicago
. Urey speculated that the early terrestrial
atmosphere
was composed of
ammonia
,
methane
, and hydrogen. One of his Chicago graduate students was
Stanley L. Miller
, who showed in the
Miller–Urey experiment
that, if such a mixture were exposed to electric sparks and water, it can interact to produce
amino acids
, commonly considered the building blocks of life. Work with
isotopes of oxygen
led to pioneering the new field of
paleoclimatic
research. In 1958, he accepted a post as a professor at large at the new
University of California, San Diego
(UCSD), where he helped create the science faculty. He was one of the founding members of UCSD's school of chemistry, which was created in 1960. He became increasingly interested in space science, and when
Apollo 11
returned
moon rock
samples from the moon, Urey examined them at the
Lunar Receiving Laboratory
. Lunar astronaut
Harrison Schmitt
said that Urey approached him as a volunteer for a one-way mission to the Moon, stating "I will go, and I don't care if I don't come back."
Harold Clayton Urey was born on April 29, 1893, in
Walkerton, Indiana
, the son of Samuel Clayton Urey, a school teacher and a minister in the
Church of the Brethren
, and his wife, Cora Rebecca née Reinoehl. He had a younger brother, Clarence, and a younger sister, Martha. The family moved to
Glendora, California
, after Samuel became seriously ill with
tuberculosis
, in hopes that the climate would improve his health. When it became clear that he would die, the family moved back to Indiana to live with Cora's widowed mother. Samuel died when Harold was six years old. Urey was educated in an
Amish
grade school, from which he graduated at the age of 14. He then attended high school in
Kendallville, Indiana
. After graduating in 1911, he obtained a teacher's certificate from
Earlham College
, and taught in a small school house in Indiana. He later moved to Montana, where his mother was then living, and continued to teach there.
Urey entered the
University of Montana
in
Missoula
in the autumn of 1914. Unlike Eastern universities of the time, the University of Montana was co-educational in both students and teachers. Urey earned a
Bachelor of Science
(BS) degree in
zoology
there in 1917.
As a result of the
United States entry into World War I
that same year, there was strong pressure to support the war effort. Urey had been raised in a religious sect that opposed war. One of his professors suggested that he support the wartime effort by working as a chemist. Urey took a job with the
Barrett Chemical Company
in
Philadelphia
, making
TNT
, rather than joining the army as a soldier.
[4]
After the war, he returned to the
University of Montana
as an instructor in
chemistry
.
An academic career required a doctorate, so in 1921 Urey enrolled in a
PhD
program at the
University of California, Berkeley
, where he studied
thermodynamics
under
Gilbert N. Lewis
. His initial attempt at a thesis was on the
ionization
of
cesium
vapor. He ran into difficulties, and
Meghnad Saha
published a better paper on the same subject. Urey then wrote his thesis on the ionization states of an ideal gas, which was subsequently published in the
Astrophysical Journal
After he received his PhD in 1923, Urey was awarded a fellowship by
the American-Scandinavian Foundation
to study at the
Niels Bohr Institute
in
Copenhagen
, where he met
Werner Heisenberg
,
Hans Kramers
,
Wolfgang Pauli
,
Georg von Hevesy
, and
John Slater
. At the conclusion of his stay, he traveled to Germany, where he met
Albert Einstein
and
James Franck
.
On returning to the United States, Urey received an offer of a
National Research Council
fellowship to
Harvard University
, and also received an offer to be a research associate at
Johns Hopkins University
. He chose the latter. Before taking up the job, he traveled to
Seattle, Washington
, to visit his mother. On the way, he stopped by
Everett, Washington
, where he knew Dr. Kate Daum, a colleague from the University of Montana. Dr. Daum introduced Urey to her sister, Frieda. Urey and Frieda soon became engaged. They were married at her father's house in
Lawrence, Kansas
, in 1926. The couple had four children:
Gertrude Bessie (Elizabeth)
, born in 1927; Frieda Rebecca, born in 1929; Mary Alice, born in 1934; and John Clayton Urey, born in 1939. At Johns Hopkins, Urey and
Arthur Ruark
wrote
Atoms, Quanta and Molecules
(1930), one of the first English texts on quantum mechanics and its applications to atomic and molecular systems. In 1929, Urey became an associate professor of Chemistry at
Columbia University
, where his colleagues included
Rudolph Schoenheimer
, David Rittenberg, and T. I. Taylor.
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